Tawhid and Tajrid
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
Purpose, Scope, and Target Audience
Tawhid and Tajrid is peer-reviewed journal committed to academic integrity and editorial independence. The journal is published annually, in December, and follows a double-blind peer review process. The journal’s core vision is to interpret art from a new perspective in light of the paradigms of Tawhid and Tajrid, which symbolize both the ontological and aesthetic foundations of the Islamic intellectual tradition.
Tawhid and Tajrid journal represents a scholarly initiative aimed at critically reassessing the interpretive frameworks used to analyze traditional Islamic thought and artistic works from the eighteenth century to the present, particularly those shaped by Orientalist approaches. Rather than relying on reductive or external conceptualizations often associated with Orientalist discourse—such as “decorativeness”, “fear of emptiness”, “avoidance of figuration”, “mysticism”, and “ornamental art”—the journal aims to examine these Works in light of their internal coherence, theological depth and philosophical context. It also seeks to address the extent to which Islamic artistic and intellectual traditions have often been interpreted through Eurocentric categories, which has limited the development and expression of their own conceptual vocabulary. In this sense, the journal aims to articulate forms and ideas within their context, while also promoting comparative analysis and critical discussion.
In this context, the journal seeks to address and critically engage with the following issues the following issues:
- Reinterpreting the “iconoclasm” of Islamic art not as a simple “prohibition,” but as an aesthetic consequence of tawhid
- Reading geometric, botanical, and calligraphic arts not as “abstract decoration,” but as a language of abstraction pointing to the unity and transcendence of existence
- Interpreting Islamic architecture not through Orientalist categories such as “interiority”, “labyrinth”, and “darkness”, but through the concepts of light (nūr), unity of being (wahdat al-wujūd), and manifestation (tajallī).
- Understanding traditional artworks not as “timeless” or “frozen,” but within a constantly renewing practice of contemplation and worship
- Evaluating the works of modern and contemporary Muslim artists not through the lens of Western modernism, but through the tradition of Tawhid–Tajrid they have inherited
To this end, the journal aims to bring together historical, theoretical, practical, and contemporary studies to establish Islamic art as a discipline capable of speaking through its own concepts, tradition of kalam and Irfan the traditions of, and aesthetic and theological premises.
Tawhid & Tajrid Journal accepts original texts and interdisciplinary studies produced in fields such as Archaeology, Literature, Architecture, Music, Cinema, Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Photography, Philosophy of Art, Aesthetics, Art Criticism, and Art History. Within this framework, the following types of submissions are considered for review: Research Articles, Reviews, Book and Work Analyses, Exhibition Critiques, Translations, and Letters to the Editor.
The journal’s target audience consists of researchers, and scholars working in the field of Tawhid Arts.
The journal’s editorial and publication processes are managed in full compliance with the standards of the Council of Science Editors (CSE), the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the European Association of Science Editors (EASE), and the National Information Standards Organization (NISO). The editorial and publication processes of Tawhid & Tajrid are conducted in accordance with the principles of Transparency and Best Practices in Academic Publishing.
Tawhid & Tajrid: Journal of Art and Thought is a peer-reviewed, scientific publication issued twice a year on an international scale.
- The journal’s primary objective is to examine Islamic arts within their own conceptual framework; it encompasses all theoretical, historical, and contemporary publications in this field.
- Submitted articles must not have been previously published in any other medium.
- Articles are published in Turkish-English or Turkish-Arabic bilingual formats.)
- The final decision regarding the publication of works is made by the Editorial Board based on peer review reports.
- Turkish texts must adhere to the TDK Spelling Guide; submitted articles must be formatted in accordance with the journal’s specific style guide.
Disclaimer
The views expressed in the journal’s content belong entirely to the author(s). The editors, the Editorial Board, or the publishing institution do not accept any legal liability for these views.
Open Access Statement
Our journal, which adheres to the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) criteria, makes all its content available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 International License. Our archive is freely accessible at www.tawhidandtajrid.com. The current version of the Author Guidelines is available at www.tawhidandtajrid.com
Abstracting and Indexing
To ensure that all articles published in the journal are preserved and permanently accessible, they are stored in https://tawhidandtajrid.com, which serves as a national archive site and also allows LOCKSS to collect, preserve, and present its content.
WRITING GUIDELINES
03-Copyright Agreement and Author Acceptance Form
For comprehensive information about the journal's policies, such as publication, peer review, publishing, and ethical standards, please visit the Policies page. Similarly, for detailed information about the journal, please visit the Purpose and Scope page.
Articles submitted for review must be original and must not have been previously submitted or published in any electronic or printed medium. If an article has been previously presented at a conference or meeting, authors must provide detailed information about the event, including the name, date, and location of the conference or meeting.
Authors are expected to prepare their articles according to the following guidelines.
• Observational original research studies: STROBE guidelines
• Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: PRISMA guidelines (for protocols, please use PRISMA-P)
• Qualitative research: SRQR guidelines
To find the right guideline for your research, please complete the Equator Network questionnaire.
Tawhid and Tajrid encourages its authors to incorporate gender and gender equality considerations into their research and recommends that they follow the "SAGER" guidelines when preparing their manuscripts. Before submission, authors can consult the EASE Guidelines to ensure that their texts are clear, concise, and accurate, and free from common errors and pitfalls. Articles should be formatted according to the 7th Edition (2020) of the APA Publication Manual (APA-7). Articles can only be submitted through the journal's online article submission and review system (https://tawhidandtajrid.com). Submissions made through any other medium and by anyone other than the authors will not be considered for review. Upon initial submission, authors must submit the above Copyright Agreement and Author Acceptance Form.
ARTICLE PREPARATION
Page Layout: Authors must write their articles without deviating from the layout specified in the template above. The basic layout used in this template is as follows:
|
Font Size |
Paragraph Line Spacing |
Paragraph Indentation |
Page |
Margins |
||
|
Text |
Footnote |
Abstract |
||||
|
12 |
10 |
12 |
Single |
Pre-post 6nk |
A4 |
2.5 cm |
Font: The "Calibri" font should be preferred in the article. Any special fonts used must be submitted along with the article.
Title page: A separate title page must be submitted with all submissions and must contain the following information:
• The full title of the article, which should not exceed 10 words, and a short title of 3-5 words
• Author(s)' name(s), institution(s), academic degrees, and ORCID numbers
• Detailed information about financial support and other sources of support
• The authors' names, addresses, telephone numbers (including mobile phone), and email addresses
• Information about individuals who contributed to the preparation of the article but do not meet the authorship criteria. Authors who are members of the Journal's Editorial Board should indicate this information on the title page.
Abstract: Abstract subheadings should be organized according to article types. For information on word count specifications, see Table 1 below.
Keywords: Each submission must include 5 keywords at the end of the abstract for subject indexing. Abbreviations should not be used when listing keywords.
Article Types
Research Articles: Research articles present new information based on original research. The acceptance of research articles is generally based on the originality and importance of the research. The main text of a Research Article should be structured with the subheadings Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. The limitations, shortcomings, and disadvantages of the articles should be stated in the Discussion section before the conclusion paragraph.
Review Articles: Articles prepared by experts who have accumulated knowledge on the subject of the article and whose expertise is reflected in the international literature in terms of the number of publications and citations are considered for evaluation. The journal may also invite authors. Reviews should provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on a topic relevant to the journal's subject area and include discussion and evaluation of relevant research. The authors may plan the subheadings of review articles. However, each review article must include an "Introduction" and a "Conclusion" section.
Letters to the Editor: A Letter to the Editor is a type of text that discusses important or overlooked aspects of a previously published article. Articles in the form of Letters to the Editor may also be published on topics that may be of interest to readers in areas covered by the journal, especially educational facts. The text of a Letter to the Editor should be unstructured and should not contain abstracts, keywords, tables, figures, images, or other media. The article being commented on in the Letter to the Editor should be properly cited.
Editorial Comments: Editorial comments invited on selected articles in the journal are published to provide expert opinion and critical analysis of the research presented. These comments are written by authors who are experts in the subject of the research article or who have a high reputation. The journal carefully selects these authors and invites them to submit their comments. Editorial comments should not contain abstracts, keywords, tables, figures, images, or other media.
Table 1. Limits for article types
|
Words* |
Abstract |
Table |
Image |
Reference |
|
|
Research Article |
10,000 |
250-350 |
5 |
25 images |
Unlimited |
|
Compilation |
10,000 |
250-350 |
5 |
25 images |
Unlimited |
|
Letter to the Editor |
400 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
*Word count does not include abstract, references, tables, and figure captions.
Heading Levels (Maximum of 4 levels)
First Level: Centered, bold, capitalized; Text begins with a new paragraph.
Second Level: Left-aligned, bold, capitalized first letters; Text begins with a new paragraph.
Third Level: Left-aligned, bold, italic, capitalized first letters; Text begins with a new paragraph.
Fourth Level: Bold, capitalized, ending with a colon. The text begins on the same line and continues as a standard paragraph.
Tables: Tables should be included in the main document after the reference list and numbered sequentially in the order they are cited in the text. Each table should have a descriptive title above it, and any abbreviations used in the table should be defined in footnotes below the table (even if they are defined in the text). Above the title, there should be a descriptive title in italics covering the entire title. Tables should be prepared using the "Insert Table" command in a Microsoft Office Word file and arranged so that the data is easy to read and understand. The data presented in the tables should not be a repetition of the data in the main text, but should support and enhance it.
Figures and Figure Captions: Figures, graphs, and photographs should be sent as separate files in TIFF or JPEG format and inserted into the Word document. If a figure has sub-components, combine them into a single figure and label them (a, b, c, etc.). The minimum resolution for each figure should be 300 DPI, and figures should be clear and easy to read. Image captions should be listed at the end of the main document. References to images/figures should be made in the main text and numbered sequentially in the order they are mentioned.
Abbreviations: All abbreviations used in the article should be defined both in the abstract and in the main text upon first use. The abbreviation should follow the definition in parentheses, and it should be used consistently throughout the article.
Product Identification: When referring to an archive, resource, product, hardware, or software program in an article, it is important to provide detailed information about the product in parentheses.
Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials, such as audio files, videos, data sets, and additional documents (e.g., appendices, supplementary figures, tables), complement the main text of the article. These materials should be presented as a separate section after the reference list. Brief descriptions explaining the relevance of each supplementary material to the article should be included. Page numbers are not required for supplementary materials.
PRODUCTION
After an article is accepted for publication, it undergoes a review by professional language editors. During this review, grammar, punctuation, and formatting errors are corrected, and changes may be made to improve the article's overall clarity and readability. Following the language review, the article may be published online as an "ahead-of-print" article. This means the article is made available to readers before it appears in the journal issue, providing readers with access to the research as quickly as possible.
Before the article is officially published, a PDF proof copy is sent to the author for review. The author is asked to review and approve the article within a set period (usually 2 days) for publication. This step is important in the publication process, as it provides the author with a final opportunity to catch any errors or make final changes.
SOURCES
When citing, the most recent publications should be preferred, along with primary sources. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the sources. Both in-text citations and the reference section should be prepared according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition.
In-text references should be cited in parentheses with the author's last name and publication date. Since publications in the social sciences are voluminous in terms of pages, the page number must also be used after the year of publication in our journal.
Example (APA 7)
|
Author |
In-text citation |
Explanatory citation |
Direct quotation citation in parentheses |
Direct quotation citation with explanation |
|
Single author |
(Soysal, 2004) |
Soysal (2004) |
(Soysal, 2004, s. 25) |
Soysal (2004, s. 25) |
|
Two authors |
(Schick & Gharipor, 2022) |
Schick ve Gharipor (2022) |
(Schick ve Gharipor, 2022, s. 25) |
Schick ve Gharipor (2022, s. 25) |
|
3+ authors |
(Foster et al., 2020) |
Foster et al. (2020) |
(Foster et al., 2020, p. 25) |
foster et al. (2020, p. 25) |
|
Abbreviated group author: First citation Subsequent citations |
(American Psychological Association [APA], 2020) (APA, 2020) |
American Psychological Association (APA, 2020) APA (2020) |
(American Psychological Association [APA], 2020, p. 19) |
American Psychological Association (APA, 2020, p. 19) APA (2020, p. 19) |
|
Group author without abbreviation |
(University of California, 2020) |
University of California (2020) |
(University of California, 2020, p. 21) |
University of California (2020, p. 21) |
|
No author information |
("Yeni sanat", 2025) Use an abbreviated version of the title |
Articles:
Doğan, H. (2024). İnsan Olmanın Anlamı ve Anlamsızlığı: Posthümanist Sanatın Romantik Estetiği. Art Vision, 30(53), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.32547/artvision.1503420
Article with multiple authors:
Akgün, S., & Akmeşe, Z. (2025). Kirazın Tadı Filminde Varoluşçuluk: Yaşam ve Ölüm Arasında Sinemasal Bir Yolculuk. Art Vision, 31(55), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.32547/artvision.1714217
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4, J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Books
Single-Author Books:
Soysal, A. (2004). Hüsnühat. Norgunk Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
Books with Two or More Authors:
Bordwell, D. & Thompson, K. (2003). Film Sanatı: Bir Giriş. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, ABD.
Group (Organization) Authored Book:
American Sociological Association. (1975). Approaches to the study of social structure. Free Press.
Edited (Compiled) Book:
Keeble, B. (Ed.). (2016). Her İnsan Bir Sanatçıdır. Çev. Uluç, T. İnsan Yayınları.
Book Chapter:
Duschl, R. A. (2003). Assessment of inquiry. In J. M. Atkin & J. E. Coffey (Eds.), Everyday assessment in the science classroom (2nd ed., pp. 41–59). NSTA
Çetinkaya, Y. (201). Müzik ve hafıza. M. B. Bursalı (Ed.), Sanatta hafızanın biçimleri (s. 69–82). Küre Yayınları.
Thesis:
Becker, J. C. (2013). Landscape-level influences on community composition and ecosystem function in a large river ecosystem (Publication No. 3577776) [Doctoral dissertation, Texas State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Dayı, B. A. (2023). Toplumsal paradigmaların plastik sanatlarda boşluk algısına etkisi (Yayın No. 862500) [Sanatta yeterlik tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi]. ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global.
Author Information Not Available:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1974). U.S. Catholic Conference, Division of Latin America.
Web Page:
Gülşen, Enver. (04 Ocak 2026). Seninle Dağlarda Tekrar Buluşacağız. Enver Gülşen.
A maximum of 20 authors should be included. After the 19th author, use ellipsis (…) followed by the last author's name.
Open Access Policy
Tawhid and Tajrid is an open access publication.
Starting in 2026, all content published in the journal will be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 International License. This license encourages the dissemination and use of research published in the journal by allowing the content to be shared and adapted for non-commercial purposes. Previously published content is licensed under traditional copyright, but the archive is freely accessible. All published content is available online and free of charge at https://tawhidandtajrid.com. When using previously published content, figures, tables, or any other material in print or electronic format, authors are responsible for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. Legal, financial, and criminal liability in this regard rests with the author(s).
Copyright Policy
Tawhid and Tajrid requires that a Copyright Agreement Form accompany each submission. By signing this form, authors retain the copyright to their work. If accepted for publication by Tawhid and Tajrid, the article is licensed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 International License. This license allows third parties to share and adapt the content for non-commercial purposes, provided that the original work is properly referenced. Authors retain the copyright of their work published in Tawhid and Tajrid.
Self-Archiving Policy
Authors retain the right to self-archive their work on institutional or personal websites, as well as in open access repositories, after publication. Authors are expected to cite the original publication appropriately and include the DOI number when sharing their articles. In addition, authors are requested to provide a link to the publisher's website URL from the shared version.
Publication Ethics
Tawhid and Tajrid aims to adhere to the guidelines and fundamental practices established by various organizations, including the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (joint statement by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, WAME). These guidelines and recommendations are designed to promote transparency, integrity, and best practices in scientific publishing. By adhering to these standards, the journal aims to ensure that the research it publishes is of high quality and meets the ethical standards of the scientific community.
Authors are encouraged to use the EASE Ethics Checklist to ensure that their articles comply with ethical standards and practices.
All research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by a review board, such as an institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee, prior to being conducted. The name of the ethics committee that reviewed and approved the research, the ethics committee approval number, and the date should be included in the Methods section of the article when submitted for publication. Additionally, the journal may request authors to submit a copy of the ethics committee approval as part of the article submission process. The purpose is to ensure that the research has been properly reviewed and approved, and to enable the journal to verify that it meets the necessary ethical standards for publication.
If a study is exempt from ethics committee approval, authors must submit a statement explaining the reason for the exemption. This is to ensure that an ethics committee has reviewed the research and that the exemption decision was made in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
When an article is submitted to Tawhid and Tajrid without ethics committee approval, the journal will evaluate the article according to COPE's Research, Audit, and Service Evaluations guidelines. These guidelines govern the handling of articles without ethics committee approval and enable the journal to assess the risks and potential ethical concerns associated with the research for publication.
If children under the age of 18 participate in the research, the child's parent or guardian must provide informed consent on the child's behalf. This is necessary because children are a vulnerable population and may not have the capacity to fully understand the risks and benefits of participating in the research.
If the article reports findings from a survey or interviews, authors should confirm that participants gave informed consent to participate in the study and consented to the recording of their personal information. If quotations or other attributable statements are included, they should be anonymized, or it should be stated in the article that the person consented to be named.
It is the authors' responsibility to protect the anonymity of study participants and to ensure that the research is conducted with respect for privacy principles. This is particularly important for photographs that could reveal participants' identities, as publishing such photographs without appropriate consent may violate the rights of the individuals concerned.
To protect the anonymity of patient participants, authors should obtain signed consent forms from participants or their legal representatives. These consent forms should indicate that participants have consented to the publication of photographs and specify any restrictions or conditions on their use. Information regarding consent for the publication of photographs should be provided in the article.
Plagiarism and Unethical Conduct
All submissions are scanned multiple times using similarity detection software (iThenticate) during the peer review and/or production processes.
When discussing the previous work of others (or your own), ensure that you properly cite the material in all cases.
Authors are strongly advised to avoid any plagiarism and unethical behavior, as exemplified below.
-Citation manipulation: The practice of a writer manipulating the number of citations for a journal or other publications by citing their own work, including excessive citation of articles from the same journal or the inclusion of honorary citations or citation clusters.
-Self-plagiarism: The practice of using overlapping sections or sentences from one's previous publications without properly citing them. This is considered a form of plagiarism, meaning using someone else's work (in this case, the author's own work) without properly citing it.
-Salami slicing: This is the use of the same data from a research study in several different articles. This is considered unethical because it means reporting the same hypotheses, population, and methods in multiple articles.
- Data fabrication: Adding data to a study that did not occur during data collection or experiments. This is considered a form of research misconduct because it involves presenting false or misleading information as genuine data.
- Data manipulation/fabrication: This is the manipulation of research data to give a misleading impression. This can include manipulating images, removing outliers or "unfavorable" results, changing data points, and other forms of manipulation. This is also considered a form of research misconduct, as it involves presenting false or misleading information as if it were real data.
In cases of alleged or suspected research misconduct, such as plagiarism, citation manipulation, or data fabrication/falsification, the Editorial Board will follow appropriate COPE flowcharts to ensure that allegations or suspicions are handled fairly, transparently, and consistently.
Publication Fee Policy
Tawhid and Tajrid does not charge authors any fees during the review and publication process.
PEER REVIEW PROCESS
Articles submitted to Tawhid and Tajrid undergo a double-masked peer review process, ensuring mutual anonymity between authors and reviewers. Each submission is reviewed by at least two external independent reviewers who are experts in their fields to ensure an unbiased review process.
Submissions first undergo a technical review process. During this process, editorial office staff checks that the article has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the journal's rules. Submissions that do not comply with the journal's rules are returned to the authors with requests for technical corrections.
Submissions that comply with the journal's rules are assigned to the editor-in-chief. The editor-in-chief evaluates each submission for its suitability for the journal in terms of scope and quality. Submissions that are not suitable for the journal may be rejected at this stage.
For articles that are suitable for the journal, the Editor works with the Associate Editors to assign reviewers for the article. Once assigned, Associate Editors can choose to reject an article, continue the double-masked peer-review process, or request revisions before peer review.
Associate Editors submit their recommendations, based on the reports provided by the reviewers, to the Editor-in-Chief. Articles with revisions are re-evaluated by Associate Editors, who aim to work with reviewers to form a new recommendation.
The Editor-in-Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all submissions.
In the event of a delay, authors are allowed to withdraw their articles upon reporting the reason for the delay.
Upon completion of the peer-review process, authors will receive anonymous peer-review reports and the editorial decision for their articles. Peer review reports will not be disclosed to the public in any medium. Submitted material is considered confidential and should not be used in any way until published. If there is suspicion that a reviewer may have used an author's ideas or data without permission, the Editorial Board will address the issue in accordance with the relevant COPE guidelines.
Authors may suggest reviewers during submission. The editor in charge is the sole authority to decide whether the suggested reviewers will be invited to evaluate the article.
Reviewers must comply with COPE's Ethical Guidelines for Peer-reviewers, which provide a framework to ensure the integrity and impartiality of the double-masked review process.
The Editorial Board follows COPE's relevant flowchart to minimize peer review manipulation. If there is suspicion of peer review manipulation after publication, the Editorial Board will follow COPE's appropriate flowchart.
Potential reviewers should inform the editor of any potential conflict of interest before accepting an invitation to review an article. The editor must be informed of the potential reviewer's involvement in the review process to make an informed decision about whether to invite them. This also helps to ensure the integrity and transparency of the review process.
Communication between editors and reviewers contains confidential information that should not be shared with third parties.
If one of the editors is an author of any manuscript, that editor is excluded from the review process for that manuscript. External editors will be assigned to manage the double-masked peer-review process for manuscripts submitted by members of the editorial board. If a member of the editorial board submits an article, an independent name is sought, and an invitation to edit the article is sent. The invited editor is asked to register in the system and proceed with the double-masked peer-review process, which is then monitored. The invited editor is independent in their decision. To maintain impartiality, we protect the confidentiality of external editors and reviewers. Reviewers and external editors are asked to declare any potential conflicts of interest to promote transparency and a reliable review process. Reviewers and invited editors do not have the authority to make the final decision but make recommendations. The editor-in-chief makes the final decision for the journal.
If the peer review of an article deviates from the journal's standard policy, the type of review received will be indicated in the article, ensuring transparency in the review process.
Revision Process
Authors of articles requiring "minor revisions" or "major revisions" will receive a decision letter from the editor-in-chief. The decision letter will include the reviewers' and editors' recommendations, as well as the deadline for submitting a revised version of the article.
When submitting a revised version of an article, authors must provide a detailed "Response to Reviewers" indicating how each issue raised by each reviewer has been addressed and on which lines the changes have been made (each reviewer's comment, the author's response, and the line numbers where changes have been made). Markups should be made on the main document.
Revised articles must be submitted within the timeframe specified in the decision letter. If the revised version of the article is not submitted within the allocated time, the option to revise may be revoked. If the submitting author(s) believe additional time is necessary, they must request an extension before the initial deadline expires.
AUTHORSHIP
Individuals listed as authors must meet the authorship criteria recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The ICMJE recommends that authors meet the following four criteria:
1. Significant contributions to the conceptual design or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work
2. Drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content
3. Final approval of the version to be published
4. To accept responsibility for all aspects of the work in order to guarantee that questions regarding the validity and accuracy of any part of the work have been properly investigated and resolved
To accept responsibility for all aspects of the work in order to guarantee that questions regarding the validity and accuracy of any part of the work have been properly investigated and resolved. In addition to taking responsibility for the parts of the work to which they contributed, an author should be able to identify which parts of the work other authors are responsible for. This ensures that all authors' contributions are properly and appropriately recognized. Authors can provide information about individual contributions at the time of submission using CRediT (Classification of Research Contributions). All authors are expected to agree with the information shared by the corresponding author regarding their individual contributions. The authors' statement of contribution will be published with the final article and must accurately reflect their contributions to the work.
Authors should have confidence in the integrity of their co-authors' contributions. This means they should trust that their co-authors have conducted the research ethically and responsibly and that the data and results presented in the article are accurate and reliable.
Individuals who do not meet all four authorship criteria should not be included as authors of the article. To acknowledge these individuals' contributions and ensure transparency, they may be thanked on the article's title page for their contributions to the research.
If the editorial board suspects a case of ghost, honorary, or gift authorship, the submission will be suspended, and the relevant COPE flowchart and COPE Policy on authorship and contribution will be followed.
Author Changes: Requests for author changes, such as removing or adding authors, or changing the order of authors, should be submitted to the editorial office with a letter stating the reasons. The letter must be signed by all authors, including any authors being removed.
The journal's Editorial Board will handle requests for authorship changes consistently and transparently, in accordance with the relevant COPE guidelines. These procedures are implemented to protect the integrity of the research and the reputation of all relevant authors.
Conflict of Interest Statement: Authors must disclose any relationship or interest that could give rise to inappropriate influence or bias in their work. This should be done when submitting their manuscripts, preferably via the online submission system.
Tawhid and Tajrid requires and encourages individuals involved in the peer-review process for submitted manuscripts to disclose and explain any information regarding their current or potential competing interests. This should be done to identify potential conflicts of interest that could lead to bias.
The editorial board will address situations involving potential conflicts of interest among editors, authors, or reviewers in accordance with the relevant COPE flowcharts.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Article Preparation Process: Tawhid and Tajrid follow the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding the use of AI and AI-supported technologies in the article preparation process. Authorship involves a series of tasks that can only be performed by humans, and authors are responsible for ensuring the article's originality and for possessing the necessary qualifications for authorship. AI can be used for language correction in the article-writing process, but this must be clearly stated in the article. However, to preserve the article's originality and quality, AI cannot be listed as an author.
The journal is committed to supporting current copyright laws and accepted best practices in publication ethics. Due to ongoing legal uncertainties surrounding AI-generated visual content, the use of such material in our publications is generally not permitted, except in the following circumstances:
For images directly referenced in research on artificial intelligence, a statement such as "Created by artificial intelligence" must be included in the caption.
Authors must verify the accuracy and appropriateness of AI-generated images and clearly state the AI methodology used in the article. All AI-generated content must comply with scientific standards and ethical rules.
Financial Support Statement: Tawhid and Tajrid request authors to provide information about any financial support received to conduct their research. This information should be included in the financial support statement, which must be provided when the article is submitted to the journal.
The financial support statement should include the names of the supporting institutions, grant numbers, and a description of each supporter's role in the research. If the supporting institution had no role in the research, this should also be stated in the funding statement. This information is important for readers to understand possible biases and conflicts of interest in the research.
Post-Publication Correction Requests and Retractions: All post-publication correction requests are subject to editorial review. The editorial board will review the request and decide whether the correction is necessary and appropriate. The decision to publish a correction will be based on the nature of the error, its potential impact on the article, and supporting evidence. The editorial board may consult with authors, reviewers, and other experts as necessary to make its decision. If the correction request is approved, the article will be corrected in the journal's archive.
The Editorial Board reviews cases in accordance with journal policies and COPE guidelines.
If allegations of misconduct are made directly by whistleblowers, the Editorial Board will follow the relevant COPE flowchart. When concerns arise about an article published on a social media site, the journal will follow COPE's flowchart for responding to whistleblowers. In some cases, independent experts may be appointed to resolve unresolved allegations. To investigate potential ethical violations, the editorial board may share information with other chief editors, thereby conducting investigations more efficiently and effectively. When communication with the chief editor is necessary, the editorial board will follow the relevant COPE recommendations.
When necessary, the journal may contact institutions regarding suspected ethical violations by researchers and provide evidence to support these concerns. This process will be conducted in accordance with COPE guidelines.
In cases of ethical violations, editors will investigate the case in accordance with COPE guidelines. If the investigation confirms the concerns, editors may publish a retraction notice. The retraction notice will be published in the journal, and the article record will be updated to reflect the retraction status. The article will remain in the journal's archive, but it will be clearly marked as retracted. The article record will also be updated in relevant indexes to reflect the retraction status.
Retraction Requests: Retraction requests prior to publication are reviewed by the journal's editorial board. To request retraction of an article, authors must send a letter signed by all authors stating their request and reasons for retraction to the journal editor. The editorial board will then review the request and make a decision based on the reasons provided by the authors. If the request is accepted, the article will be retracted from the journal and the authors will be notified of the decision. Authors should not submit their work for consideration to another journal until the retraction request has been approved. This is to prevent potential conflicts of interest or duplicate publications.
Appeals and Complaints: The journal's editorial board is responsible for handling appeals and complaints in accordance with COPE guidelines and recommendations. If an author has an appeal or complaint, they should contact the editorial office directly. The editorial board will review the situation in accordance with COPE guidelines and make a decision.
In the decision-making process, the editor-in-chief has the final authority in all appeals and complaints. In some cases, an impartial representative is appointed for issues that the Editorial Board cannot resolve internally. The journal follows a fair and transparent process for handling appeals and complaints and aims to preserve the integrity of the scientific record.
Preprint Policy: Tawhid and Tajrid does not consider preprints as "pre-published works," but rather as an opportunity for authors to make their work available and discuss it on a non-commercial preprint server before submitting it to the journal. However, authors are responsible for depositing their articles on a preprint server and providing the DOI during the journal submission process.
If the article is accepted and published in the journal, it is the authors' responsibility to update the archived preprint and link it to the published version of the article. This helps ensure that readers can easily access the most current and accurate information.
Permission Policy: As of 2026, the journal's content will be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 International License. Under this license, users may share, adapt, reproduce, and distribute the journal's content for non-commercial purposes, provided they properly reference the original author and journal.
DISCLAIMER
The statements or opinions expressed in the articles published in the journal are solely those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of the editors, editorial board, and/or publisher. The editors, editorial board, and publisher are not responsible for the content of the articles and do not endorse the views expressed in them. It is the authors' responsibility to ensure that their work is accurate and well-researched and that the views expressed in their articles are their own. The editors, editorial board, and publisher provide a platform for authors to share their work with the scientific community.
No fees are charged to authors or institutions under any name. Tawhid and Tajrid does not require authors to pay any fees during the review and publication processes.
Tawhid and Tajrid is an open-access publication.
As of 2026, all content published in the journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 International License. This license encourages the dissemination and use of research published in the journal by allowing the content to be shared and adapted for non-commercial purposes. All published content is accessible online and free of charge at https://tawhidandtajrid.com. When using previously published content, figures, tables, or any other material in print or electronic format, authors are responsible for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. Legal, financial, and criminal liability in this regard rests with the author(s).
Tawhid and Tajrid requires that each submission be accompanied by a Copyright Agreement and an Author Contribution Form (available for download at https://tawhidandtajrid.com/en/sayfa/author-guidlines-7636). By signing this form, authors retain the copyright to their work. If accepted for publication by Tawhid and Tajrid, the article is licensed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 International License. This license allows third parties to share and adapt the content for non-commercial purposes, provided that the original work is properly referenced. Authors retain the copyright of their work published in Tawhid and Tajrid.
Editor's Responsibilities
The editor of the journal strives to meet the needs of readers and authors and to ensure a fair and appropriate peer review process. The editor is also responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal should be published and for adhering to policies regarding legal requirements related to defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editor may discuss such policies, procedures, and responsibilities with reviewers when making publication decisions. The editor is responsible for the content and overall quality of the publication.
Articles submitted to the journal are always evaluated impartially.
The editor should not disclose any information about a submitted article to anyone other than the editors and reviewers.
The journal does not permit any conflict of interest between authors, reviewers, and editors. No one should use unpublished material in a submitted article without the author's express written permission.
Authors are obligated to immediately inform the journal's editors or publisher if significant errors or inaccuracies are found in the published work and to cooperate with them in correcting or retracting the article. If the editors or publisher learn from a third party that a published work contains a significant error or inaccuracy, the authors must immediately correct or retract the article or provide evidence of the article's accuracy to the journal editors.
Duties of Reviewers
Reviewers evaluate articles without regard to the authors' origin, gender, sexual orientation, or political philosophy. Reviewers also ensure that submissions undergo a fair and blind peer review process.
All information regarding submitted articles is kept confidential. Reviewers should not discuss them with others without the editor's permission.
There is no conflict of interest among referees, authors, funders, editors, etc.
Referees assist the editor in making publication decisions and may also assist the author in developing the article.
Referees provide objective judgments and evaluations. Referees clearly express their opinions with appropriate supporting arguments.
Referees should identify any relevant published work that the authors have not cited. Referees also draw the editor's attention to any significant similarity or overlap between the article and other published articles about which they have personal knowledge.
Authors' Responsibilities
The submitted article must be original, and authors must ensure that the article has not been published previously. Research data must be fully represented in the article. An article must contain sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the work.
Authors must be certain that their work is entirely original. References to the literature must be properly cited.
Authors should not submit the same work to multiple journals. Submitting the same work to multiple journals simultaneously is unacceptable and constitutes unethical behavior.
Thanks, should be given to others for their work. Authors should cite publications related to their own work. All sources related to the author's work should be noted.
Authorship of an article should be limited to those who have made significant contributions to the work. If others have contributed to the research, they should be listed as contributors. Authorship also includes the corresponding author who communicates with the journal's editor. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors are included in the article.
(December 2026)